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This book challenges the wide-ranging generalizations that dominate the literature on the impact of export-led growth upon Latin America during the first export era. The contributors to this volume contest conventional approaches, stemming from structuralism and dependency theory, which portray a rather negative view of the impact of nineteenth-century globalization upon Latin America. It has been considered that, as a result of the role of Latin American countries as providers of raw materials produced in enclaves dominated by foreign capital, their participation in the world economy has had adverse consequences for their long-term development. This volume addresses a representative sample of countries with varied initial conditions and resource endowments, a diverse productive specialization, as well as different degrees of integration to the world economy. This allows a direct comparison among the different experiences within the region, which in turn enables a more nuanced understanding of the contribution of exports to economic growth and economic modernization. Eight national case studies are presented – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia and Uruguay – which offer an insight into the successes of a region traditionally viewed as disadvantaged by globalization and export-led growth.

Latin America --- Economic history. --- Development economics. --- Economics. --- Economic History. --- Latin American History. --- Latin American Politics. --- Latin American and Caribbean Economics. --- Development Economics. --- Politics and government. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Latin America—History. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Latin America—Economic conditions. --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- America --- American Politics. --- Latin American/Caribbean Economics. --- History. --- Economic conditions.

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Mark Ungar is Professor of Political Science at Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA. He is author of four books and 30 publications and is a security sector advisor for the United Nations and Inter-American Development Bank. He has received fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson Center and the Ford, Tinker, and Henkel Foundations. This book is the most updated and comprehensive look at efforts to protect the Amazon, home to half of the world’s remaining tropical forests. In the past five years, the Basin’s countries have become the cutting edge of environmental enforcement through formation of constitutional protections, military operations, stringent laws, police forces, judicial procedures and societal efforts that together break through barriers that have long restrained decisive action. Even such advances, though, struggle to curb devastation by oil extraction, mining, logging, dams, pollution, and other forms of ecocide. In every country, environmental protection is crippled by politics, bureaucracy, unclear laws, untrained officials, small budgets, regional rivalries, inter-ministerial competition, collusion with criminals, and the global demand for oils and minerals. Countries are better at creating environmental agencies, that is, than making sure that they work. This book explains why, with country studies written by those on the front lines—from national enforcement directors to biologists and activists. .

Environmental protection --- Amazon River Region --- Environmental conditions. --- Politics and government. --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Amazonia --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental policy. --- Comparative politics. --- Regionalism. --- Latin American Politics. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- International Environmental Law. --- Environmental Policy. --- Comparative Politics. --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Environment and state --- Environmental control --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Environment law --- Law --- Sustainable development --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- International environmental law. --- International environmental law --- International law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Latin America: politics and government. --- Latin America --- politics and government.

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This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the implementation, functioning, and impact of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA), cornerstone of Venezuelan foreign policy and standard-bearer of “postneoliberal” regionalism during the “Left Turn” in Latin America and the Caribbean (1998-2016). It reveals that cooperation via ALBA’s regionalised social missions, state multinationals, development bank, People’s Trade Agreement, SUCRE virtual currency, and Petrocaribe soft-loan scheme has often been hampered by complexity and conflict between the national political economies of Ecuador, Dominica, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, and especially Venezuela. Shared commitments to endogenous development, autonomy within mutlipolarity, and novel sources of legitimacy are undermined by serious deficiencies in control and accountability, which stem largely from the defining influence of Venezuela’s dysfunctional economy and governance. This dual dependency on Venezuela leaves the future of ALBA hanging in the balance. Asa K. Cusack (Latin America and Caribbean Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK) received his PhD in Latin American and Caribbean political economy from the University of Sheffield, UK, and has held research positions at University College London and the Institute of Latin American Studies.

Regionalism. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Economic development. --- Social change. --- Latin American Politics. --- Regional Development. --- Development and Social Change. --- Development Theory. --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- Latin America --- Politics and government.

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The book draws comparison between MERCOSUR and the European Union to explain variation of regionalism and to expose its limits. The project is based on the idea that contemporary examples of regionalism should be evaluated against several propositions of multiple integration theories rather than against a single theory. In order to systematically explain why and how integration outcomes in MERCOSUR differ from those in the EU, the author develops an analytical framework for the comparison of the two blocs. MERCOSUR is compared with the EU by the use of the various criteria of economic interdependence, economic convergence, intra-bloc size and interest asymmetries, cultural diversity and geostrategic motivations, which are identified as the salient parameters of integration theories. .

Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Europe-Politics and government. --- Comparative politics. --- Political theory. --- European Union. --- Regionalism. --- Latin American Politics. --- European Politics. --- Comparative Politics. --- Political Theory. --- European Union Politics. --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Comparative political systems --- Comparative politics --- Government, Comparative --- Political systems, Comparative --- Political science --- Latin America—Politics and government. --- Europe—Politics and government. --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- European Union countries --- South America --- Europe --- Foreign relations. --- Economic integration.

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This edited volume discusses the development theory advanced by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in the 1940s, and its transformations through the second half of the twentieth century. In this time frame, the authors identify two approaches: structuralism (1950-1980) and neo-structuralism (1980-onwards). The contributors describe the transition in terms of economic theory and policy; the conceptualization of the State; and the consideration of space on regional and global scales. They argue that structuralism is still relevant for understanding the current problems of development if a careful and appropriate recovery and update of its main ideas and concepts is made in relation to the current context of globalization and internationalization of production and finance. Víctor Ramiro Fernández is Professor at the National University of Litoral (UNL), Researcher of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and Director of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences (UNL and CONICET), Argentina. Gabriel Brondino is Lecturer at the National University of Litoral (UNL) and Doctoral Fellow of the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.

Economic development. --- Latin America-Politics and gover. --- Latin America—History. --- Economic history. --- Economic theory. --- Development Theory. --- Regional Development. --- Latin American Politics. --- Latin American History. --- Economic History. --- Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Economic conditions --- History, Economic --- Latin America—Politics and government.